Types of instrument

Overcoming financial barriers

Overcoming political barriers

Compensating losers

Reinforcing benefits

Land-use

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Mixed developments

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Mixed developments

Attitudinal and behavioural

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Passive advertising campaigns

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Passive advertising campaigns

Infrastructure measures

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New rail stations, bus lanes, interchanges and termini, guided bus, light rail

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New rail stations, bus lanes, interchanges and termini, guided bus, light rail

Management of the infrastructure

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HOV lanes, increased public transport service levels

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HOV lanes, increased public transport service levels. Regulatory restrictions, physical restrictions

Information provision

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Real time public transport information. Conventional timetable and other service information.

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Real time public transport information. Conventional timetable and other service information.

Charging

Urban road charging, workplace parking levies, parking charges

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Urban road charging, workplace parking levies, parking charges