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Contribution to objectives and alleviation of problems
| Objective |
Bern |
Helsinki |
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|
- |
- |
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|
 | = Weakest
possible positive contribution, |  | = strongest
possible positive contribution |
 | = Weakest
possible negative contribution |  | = strongest
possible negative contribution |
 | =
No contribution |
| Contribution to alleviation of key problems |
| Problem |
Bern |
Helsinki |
|
| Congestion-related delay |
|
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| Congestion-related unreliability |
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| Community severance |
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| Visual intrusion |
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| Lack of amenity |
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| Global warming |
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| Local air pollution |
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| Noise |
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| Reduction of green space |
 *
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| Damage to environmentally sensitive
sites |
* |
|
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| Poor accessibility for those without
a car and those with mobility impairments |
- |
- |
|
| Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular
social or geographic groups |
- |
- |
|
| Number, severity and risk of accidents
|
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| Suppression of the potential for economic
activity in the area |
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*Park and Ride facilities are built in the countryside. Key
| = Weakest
possible positive contribution, | | = strongest
possible positive contribution |
| = Weakest
possible negative contribution | | = strongest
possible negative contribution |
| =
No contribution |
Appropriate contexts for parking charges
| Appropriate area-types |
| Area
type |
Suitability |
|
| City centre |
|
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| Dense inner suburb |
|
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| Medium density
outer suburb |
|
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| Less dense outer
suburb |
|
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| District centre |
|
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| Corridor |
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| Small town |
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| Tourist town |
|
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| = Least suitable
area type | | = Most suitable
area type |
The most significant adverse side effect likely to result from a well
designed set of parking controls is opposition from local businesses and
possibly residents. However, it should be possible to overcome this by
involving these groups in the design of the controls and communicating
the benefits, especially past examples of success.
Other potential adverse side effects include equity and social exclusion
problems if care is not taken when designing parking controls. Adequate
provision must be made for those with important or urgent reasons for
parking near to destinations. Additionally, supply controls should not
stop people undertaking activities.
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