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Fare Structures

SummaryTaxonomy and descriptionFirst principles assesmentEvidence on performancePolicy contributionComplementary instrumentsReferences

Contribution to objectives and alleviation of problems


Table 35 : Contribution to objectives by case study

Objective

Verbund systems

Connecticut Transit
Maryland Transit Association
Brighton and Hove Bus Company
 Octopus Card
London Travel Card
 Oyster Card
Other UK Examples

 
Travelwide, Woking
Travelcard, West Midlands

Efficiency

2

0

 3 2 2 2 2
0

1

Liveable streets

3

0

 2 1 1 1 1
0

1

Protection of the environment

3

0

 2 1 2 2 2
0

1

Equity and social inclusion

4

2

 2 -1 1 1 1
0

1

Safety

2

0

 2 1 1 1 1
0

1

Economic growth

?

?

 2 1 1 1 1
0

1

Finance

4

?

 4 2 1 1 1
0

1
1= Weakest possible positive contribution,5= strongest possible positive contribution
-1= Weakest possible negative contribution-5= strongest possible negative contribution
0= No contribution?= Unknown contribution

Table 36: Contribution to alleviation of problems by case study

Contribution to alleviation of key problems

Problem

Verbund systems
Connecticut transit
Maryland transit Association
Brighton and Hove bus company
 Octopus Card
London travelcard
 Oyster Card

Other UK ticket integration examples

 
Travelwide, Woking
Travelcard, West Midlands

Congestion-related delay

2

 0 2 1 2 2 2

0

1

Congestion-related unreliability

3

 0 2 1 2 2 2

0

1

Community severance

3

 0 2 1 2 2 2

0

1

Visual intrusion

1

 0 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

Lack of amenity

2

 0 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

Global warming

2

 0 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

Local air pollution

3

 0 2 1 2 2 2

0

1

Noise

3

 0 2 1 2 2 2

0

1

Reduction of green space

2

 0 0 1 1 1 1

0

1

Damage to environmentally sensitive sites

1

 0 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility impairments

4

 2 2 -1 1 1 1

0

1

Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic groups

4

 2 1 -1 1 1 1

0

1

Number, severity and risk of accidents

2

 0 1 1 1 1 1

0

1

Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area

?
?
 2 2 2 2 2

-1

1
1= Weakest possible positive contribution,5= strongest possible positive contribution
-1= Weakest possible negative contribution-5= strongest possible negative contribution
0= No contribution?= Unknown contribution

Final summary tables by policy element

Table 37: Contribution to key objectives by policy element

Objective

Simplified fare structure

Time Period Passes
Through-ticketing across modes and operators
 Smart Cards

Efficiency

1

2
2
 2

Liveable streets

1

2
2
 2

Protection of the environment

1

2
2
 2

Equity and social inclusion

1

1
1
 1

Safety

1

1
1
 1

Economic growth

1

1
1
 1

Finance

0

1
0
 1
1= Weakest possible positive contribution,5= strongest possible positive contribution
-1= Weakest possible negative contribution-5= strongest possible negative contribution
0= No contribution

Table 38: Contribution to alleviation of key problems by policy element
Contribution to alleviation of key problems
Problem
Simplified fare structure
Time Period Passes

Through-ticketing across modes and operators
Smart Cards

Congestion-related delay

1
2

2

 2

Congestion-related unreliability

1
2

2

 2

Community severance

1
2

2

 2

Visual intrusion

1
1

1

 1

Lack of amenity

1
1

1

 1

Global warming

1
1

1

 1

Local air pollution

1
2

2

 2

Noise

1
2

2

 2

Reduction of green space

1
1

1

 1

Damage to environmentally sensitive sites

1
1

1

 1

Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility impairments

0
1

1

 1

Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic groups

0
1

1

 1

Number, severity and risk of accidents

1
1

1

 1

Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area

1
1

1

 1
1= Weakest possible positive contribution,5= strongest possible positive contribution
-1= Weakest possible negative contribution-5= strongest possible negative contribution
0= No contribution


Appropriate contexts

Appropriate area-types

Area type
Simplified fare structure
Day, week, month and annual passes

Through-ticketing across modes and operators

 Smart Cards

City centre

 4 4

5

 5

Dense inner suburb

 4 4

5

 5

Medium density outer suburb

2 3

4

 4

Less dense outer suburb

 2 3

4

 4

District centre

 2 3

3

 3

Corridor

 3 1

1

 1

Small town

 2 2

2

 2

Tourist town

 4 3

4

 4
1 = Least suitable area type 5 = Most suitable area type

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Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT