Public transport services

Summary

Public transport services refer to the entire range of transport services that are available to the public including demand responsive transport, buses, trams, light rail systems, metro (underground) and long distance rail services.  There are a number of broad, and sometimes conflicting, aims which may influence considerations about public transport service levels and patterns.  These include:

1. To provide a service responding to travel needs of people who do not currently use public transport.
2. To improve the quality of service for existing passengers - to help maintain the existing passenger base and, in some cases, generate additional trips.
3. To be cost effective - many private bus operators attempt to tailor the service levels they offer to meet demand, e.g. lower in the off peak period.
4. To contribute to social inclusion, for instance by providing services meeting needs of people without private vehicles and for whom walking and cycling are not viable.

In considering service levels, patterns, and quality of service, this note mentions financial aspects of service provision. However it does not consider in detail, different models of regulation such as quality contracts, franchising, and public ownership. These are considered in regulation of bus services.