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Policy Instruments

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 New Rail Services on Existing Lines
SummaryFirst principles assesmentEvidence on performancePolicy contributionComplementary instrumentsReferences

Complementary instruments

Types of instrument

Overcoming financial barriers

Overcoming political barriers

Compensating losers

Reinforcing benefits

Land-use

       

Attitudinal and behavioural

       

Infrastructure measures

       

Management of the

infrastructure

       

Information provision

        

Charging

        

Reinforcing/Compensating Service Level Changes – An operator may well combine service changes with fare changes to either reinforce a change in the other (e.g. reduce fares and increase service frequency) or to compensate for a change in the other (e.g. increases in both service levels and fares).

 

 

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Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT