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Contribution to objectives and problems
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Objective
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Portland
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Singapore
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Case study 3
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Case study 4
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Contribution to alleviation of key problems
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Problem
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Portland
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Singapore
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Case study 3
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Case study 4
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Congestion-related delay
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Congestion-related unreliability
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Community severance
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Visual intrusion
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Lack of amenity
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Global warming
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Local air pollution
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Noise
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Reduction of green space
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Damage to environmentally sensitive sites
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Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility
impairments
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Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic
groups
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Number, severity and risk of accidents
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Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area
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Appropriate contexts
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Appropriate area-types
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Area type
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Suitability
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City centre
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Dense inner suburb
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Medium density outer suburb
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Less dense outer suburb
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District centre
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Corridor
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Small town
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Tourist town
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Adverse side-effects
No particular negative side effects are noted, but the case studies above
do not suggest particularly strong positive impacts. Thus, the costs involved
in operating a car club (which can be substantial and require subsidy
in the early years) may not represent value for money.
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