|
Contribution to objectives and problems
Objective
|
Portland
|
Singapore
|
Case study 3
|
Case study 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contribution to alleviation of key problems
|
Problem
|
Portland
|
Singapore
|
Case study 3
|
Case study 4
|
Congestion-related delay
|
|
|
|
|
Congestion-related unreliability
|
|
|
|
|
Community severance
|
|
|
|
|
Visual intrusion
|
|
|
|
|
Lack of amenity
|
|
|
|
|
Global warming
|
|
|
|
|
Local air pollution
|
|
|
|
|
Noise
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction of green space
|
|
|
|
|
Damage to environmentally sensitive sites
|
|
|
|
|
Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility
impairments
|
|
|
|
|
Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic
groups
|
|
|
|
|
Number, severity and risk of accidents
|
|
|
|
|
Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area
|
|
|
|
|
Appropriate contexts
Appropriate area-types
|
Area type
|
Suitability
|
City centre
|
|
Dense inner suburb
|
|
Medium density outer suburb
|
|
Less dense outer suburb
|
|
District centre
|
|
Corridor
|
|
Small town
|
|
Tourist town
|
|
Adverse side-effects
No particular negative side effects are noted, but the case studies above
do not suggest particularly strong positive impacts. Thus, the costs involved
in operating a car club (which can be substantial and require subsidy
in the early years) may not represent value for money.
|